DrugXpert Blog

Shelf in community pharmacy One of the major components of a community pharmacy is the shelf. The shelf is a piece of furniture that is used to organise and arrange drugs and documents. New community pharmacies or old one looking to upgrade always find a dilemma between the different choices available. Types Of Shelf For Community Pharmacy This brings us to another topic; types of shelf. There are basically three types of shelf that can be found in a community pharmacy shop. Each has their own advantage and disadvantage. They all have different prices. They are glass, wood and steel. Each has their own desirable property. Property Of A Good Shelf The target of choosing a shelf is not just to organise and arrange the drugs and document. There is also the desire to add beauty, easy visibility of the drugs when searching and durability. We must not forget to mention lower prices. Read Also :  Arrangement of drugs in community pharmacy Glass Shelf We are not talking about your everyday...

A community pharmacy is a business regulated by the pharmacists council of Nigeria (PCN). But before it can be registered with PCN it must be registered with the corporate affairs commission (CAC). The CAC is responsible for registration of businesses in Nigeria. There are two types of businesses in Nigeria. They are public (2 and above shareholders) and private (2-50 shareholders) companies. The public company refers to a company that is listed on a recognized stock exchange and its securities are traded publicly. A private company is one that is not listed on a stock exchange and its securities are held privately by its members. Private companies can be divided into three which are companies limited by guarantee, companies limited by shares (limited liability company, LLC),  or unlimited liability company (enterprise). Read Also :  How To Open A Community Pharmacy Companies limited by guarantee are non for profit business and the member liability will be summed up to the amo...

COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease of the lung. It is characterized by persistent reduction in air flow in the lungs. It can get serious and life-threatening if not properly managed. It affects more than 16 million people worldwide. COPD is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide and is expected to be the third leading cause by 2030. It is a progressive disease that affects people above 40 years of age. Function Of Lungs When a person with healthy lungs inhales air, it travels down their windpipe and into the airways of the lungs, known as bronchial tubes. Inside the lungs, the bronchial tubes branch into thousands of smaller, thinner channels called bronchioles. At the end of these tubes are bunches of tiny round air sacs called alveoli. There are more than 300 million alveoli in the lungs. Larger lungs have more alveoli. Read Also :  Treatment of asthma Capillaries are small blood vessels that surround the walls of the air sacs. Once air makes its ...

Malaria is a disease spread by the anopheles mosquito. It is caused by a parasite. There are five types of parasites responsible for malaria with similar symptoms. They affect people of all ages from different geographical locations. Congenital Malaria treatment People in endemic areas like Nigeria can develop partial immunity to malaria. This immunity does not last for a long time. A newborn baby (neonates) born in endemic areas may acquire this partial immunity from the mother. This partial immunity can last for the first three months of life. That is why neonates don't often develop malaria. Read Also :  Treatment of Malaria Malaria infection in the first few months of life may be due to transplacental transfer of parasietized maternal erythrocytes (asexual stage of the parasite). This is called congenital malaria. This was first described in 1876. It occurs during pregnancy or perinatal labour. Malaria can be transferred to the baby even when the mother did not experience any a...

Pharm D Conversion Programme As the world moves from bachelor of pharmacy (B Pharm) to doctor of pharmacy (Pharm D), more schools are expected to switch from B Pharm to Pharm D Programme. This is also expected of pharmacists with B Pharm to get an upgrade to Pharm D. Read Also :  Universities in Nigeria with Pharm D There are only five universities in Nigeria with Pharm D programme. However, it is only the university of Benin (UNIBEN) in collaboration with the pharmacists council of Nigeria (PCN) and some pharmacists in the United States of America (USA) that have a conversion programme. The admission process is not very straight forward for now. This is because the programme is for some group of pharmacists of interest. They are lecturers, hospitals or community pharmacies acting as preceptors. This will enable them to apply a patient centred approach in the education of pharmacy students. For now, the programme is for an academic session. This is because they want the pharmacists...

Community pharmacy There are so many community pharmacies in Nigeria. Many are doing well in terms of profit. However, there are some sets of community pharmacies that tend to struggle. They are mostly community pharmacies owned by pharmacists in the civil service. Read Also :  Success tip for community pharmacy The regulation in Nigeria does not allow one pharmacist to own two or more community pharmacies. It also forbade a hospital pharmacy or other pharmacist in other sectors from owning a community pharmacy. To bypass this regulation, another pharmacist can provide the licence for the community pharmacy while the fund is provided by the owner. Community Pharmacist In Civil Service Most pharmacists in the civil service that own community pharmacy business finds it difficult to break in. They cannot compete with those pharmacies that are in community service full time. The Problem There are two problems I have observed with civil servants running their own community pharmacy. The...

There are so many jingles around today on the danger of using expired products. This includes drugs and drug related products. The national agency for food and drug administration and control (NAFDAC) is on the matter of making sure every drug and food package for consumption is well labelled with the expiry date. In use shelf life of drugs Because of this enlightenment, many people who come to the pharmacy to get drugs either ask to know the date of the product or check it out themselves. However, I am yet to see anyone ask for the expiry period of any drug or drug related products after opening the pack or container. Read Also :  Prevent expired drugs tricks Drugs come in different forms such as liquid, solid, semis solid and gas or aerosol forms. These forms are packed in a single unit for one time use or multiple units for multiple use. Some solid dosage forms come in sachets with each product in a blister pack or in a cup. Liquid comes in a single sachet or bottle and gas or a...

Pediatrics and baby medications come in liquid or dispersible tablets or granules. Liquid dosage forms are given to children by measuring the right dose just using a measuring device. The case is different with dispersible tablets or granules. Dispersible tablets or granules contain typical ingredients required for an aqueous suspension. They are packaged as a unit dose sachet or multidose bottles. Dispersible Tablets Or Granules Unit dose tablet or sachet could be administered to a patient by sprinkling the powder on top of semi solid foods such as pap or ice cream. They could also be mixed with a suitable vehicle such as water or fruit juice before administration. The choice of vehicle and the quantity may be stated by the manufacturer. In cases where it was not stated, sterile water is the best vehicle to use. Read Also:   Shelf life of lokmal suspension after reconstitution Any quantity of water or vehicle will do. As long as the patient consumes the whole mixture. A dose could...

Different drugs have different shelf life. That means they will expire at a different date even if they are produced on the same day. From experience solid dosage form have longer shelf life. Liquids medications have shorter shelf life. Artemeter/Lumenfantrin suspension For medications to remain active throughout the shelf life, they must be stored according to the manufacturer's instruction. After opening a medication the shelf life may either remain the same or become unstable or inactive after a while before the stated date of expiry. Read Also :  Vitamin C tablet shelf life Most solid dosage form such as tablet and capsule remain stable and active even after opening. However, some few exceptions such as vitamin C will become inactive after some time before the stated date of expiry. The rate of losing stability and it's activity depends on the storage conditions. If properly stored after opening, the shelf life may stay to six months. Liquid formulation such as paracetamol ...

You may have read many warnings not to Google your symptoms. This I say it's wrong information. Nobody should tell you not to Google your symptoms. It doesn't make any sense. When you've read further you realise they never said you should not Google your symptom. What they are saying is never try to diagnose using Google from your symptoms. Never Google Your Health Symptoms Do you know so many reasons diagnosing yourself using your symptoms on Google is bad. Googling the diagnosis of your symptom can lead to a lot of different illnesses or diseases. This information can be complicated. You could overestimate your symptoms or underestimate it.  In both cases. It is dangerous. Read Also :  An example of an affiliate post But if it is wrong to Google your symptoms, then who are online blogs made for. In that case, definitely not for the layman. This is not true. Because there are so many blogs on Google written in simple language for the layman. They have been written with the...

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. The airway narrows and swells, producing extra mucus. It has no cure. It is more common in children and appears more chronic in children than in adults. It is deadly if not managed. Bronchial Asthma It is associated with mast cells, eosinophils and T lymphocytes. Mast cells are allergic causing cells that release chemicals like histamine. Histamine is responsible for nasal stuffiness and dripping in a cold or hayfever constituting airways in asthma and itchy areas in a skin allergy. Eosinophils are white blood cells associated with allergy disease. T lymphocytes are also white blood cells associated with allergy and inflammation. This along with other inflammatory cells are involved in the development of an airway inflammation in asthma that contributes to the airway hyperresponsiveness, airflow limitation, respiratory symptoms and chronic disease. In certain individuals, the inflammation results in a feeling of chest t...

There are different types of leave for corps members (CM) during the national youth service Corps (NYSC) programme. Eligibility varies and requires the approval of the state coordinator in all. Taking leave without due process can lead to service extension and loss of monthly allowance. NYSC leave Sample letter There is no official leave for CM during the three weeks orientation programme. However, CM who fall sick or have genuine reasons can be allowed to leave depending on the discretion of the state coordinator. Read Also :  Official leave of NYSC Approval of leave follows a strict process. It involves writing an application letter for leave. The application should be formal. Your address should be that of your place of primary assignment. It should be addressed to the state coordinator. And it must pass through the head of your PPA, then through the zonal inspector and finally through the local government inspector (LI). That means the head of your PPA must sign and approve it,...

Starting a pharmaceutical company is one of the best options to start a business. A pharmaceutical company could be either involves in one or all types i.e. research, manufacturing, trading, distribution and marketing etc. Pharmaceutical manufacturing company registration Read Also:   Process Of Producing Pharmaceutical Tablet There is a general drive by the government in Nigeria to encourage local production. Although the environment is not conducive for production, policies have changed a lot. But if you have the finance to begin production of drugs and medical equipment, this post is for you. To produce drugs, the pharmaceutical manufacturing company must meet the world health organisation standard which is copied by the national agency for food and drug administration and control (NAFDAC) and the pharmacists council of Nigeria (PCN). They are good manufacturing practices (GMP). The others are registration procedures. Read Also :  Registration of drug importation with NAFDA...